2019

Biuletyn Monitoringu Przyrody

Rocznik: 2019 | Tom: 20 | Numer: 2

artykuł naukowy

polski

EN Niniejszy numer Biuletynu Monitoringu Przyrody jest wcałości poświę-cony wynikom raportowania wymaganego przez artykuł 12 Dyrektywy Ptasiej. Państwa członkowskie Unii Europejskiej co 6 lat raportują stan populacji gatunków ptaków objętych szczególną ochroną wramach dyrektywy. Wpublikacji podsumowano dane za okres 2013–2018, oma-wiając najważniejsze parametry: liczebność populacji wlatach 2013–2018, krótko- (2007–2018) idługoterminowe (1980–2018) trendy zmian liczebności oraz występujące wokresie raportowania oddziaływania izagrożenia.Głównym źródłem danych do raportu są wyniki Monitoringu Ptaków Polski. Program ten jest realizowany na zlecenie Głównego Inspektora Ochrony Środowiska wramach Państwowego Monitoringu Środowiska ze środków Narodowego Funduszu Ochrony Środowiska iGospodarki Wodnej przez konsorcjum Ogólnopolskiego Towarzystwa Ochrony Pta-ków oraz Muzeum iInstytutu Zoologii PAN, we współpracy zKomite-tem Ochrony Orłów, Stowarzyszeniem Ochrony Sów oraz Polskim To-warzystwem Ochrony Przyrody „Salamandra”. Wprojekcie bierze udział kilkuset wysoko wykwalifikowanych obserwatorów, liczących ptaki na ponad 2500 powierzchniach próbnych na terenie całego kraju.

PL Article 12 of the Birds Directive requires Member States of the European Union to report about the progress made with the implementation of the Birds Directive. The report submitted by Poland in 2019 covered the period 2013–2018. All Member States filled a uniform report for-mat, which consisted of two annexes: the first described the overall progress in the implementation of the directive, and the second, in 10 sections, provided detailed data for each species.This publication summarizes the results collected in 3 sections. For two of them, the main source of information was programme called the Monitoring of Birds of Poland (MPP), run by Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protec-tion (GIOŚ) as part of the State Environmental Monitoring (PMŚ). Both sections provided new population size esti-mates and their changes in the long-term (1980–2018) and short-term (2007–2018) periods. The third section summa-rized the most important threats to bird populations. The data was collected by the General Directorate for Environ-mental Protection (GDOŚ) and authors of this publication.The population size was estimated for 238 breeding, 10 migratory and 38 wintering bird species. During the breeding season, the biggest number of species (28%) bred in small numbers, with populations up to 1,000 pairs and half of the species had populations smaller than 10,000 pairs. In total, from 91 million to 110 million pairs bred in Poland every year. 9 most numerous species – mainly Skylark (over 10 million pairs), Chaffinch (nearly 9 million) and House Sparrow (6.5 million) – accounted for half of this number. 0.77–1.6 million individuals of water-birds occurred in Poland during winter period. Nearly half of them (43%) was made up by populations of just 2 most numerous species: the Long-tailed Duck and the Velvet Scoter.The short-term trend (2007–2018) was estimated for 190 breeding, 5 migratory and 36 wintering species. Among breeding birds, 100 species showed directional trends in abundance (increasing – 45 or decreasing – 56 species), 56 were characterized by stable populations, and further 34 populations were categorized as fluctuating or with uncertain trend direction. Group of wintering wet-land birds consisted mainly with species with increasing trends, which were recorded for 14 populations. A short-term decline in population size was recorded for 7 species, and 4 populations were identified as stable. For 11 popula-tions, with strong population fluctuations, the direction of change remains undetermined.Due to missing data for many bird populations from the 1980s and 1990s, the long-term population trendwas determined only for 88 breeding species. In the years 1980–2018, directional changes in population were re-corded for 77 species: 39 populations significantly in-creased and 38 decreased in numbers. The lack of a direc-tional trend was determined only for 10 species, of which 3 were classified as stable, while 7 populations fluctuated in numbers.The report identified 107 different pressures (acting in reporting period) and threats (prognosed for next 12 years) to bird populations in Poland. Most (17%) came from the group broadly understood as impact of agriculture on birds. Equally numerous were factors related to develop-ment, construction and use of residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructure and areas (16%). The third (12%) of the most important negative impacts on bird populations was extraction and cultivation of bi-ological living resources, i.e. legal and illegal hunting and by-catch. Equally numerous (10%) negative impacts have been identified for forest management.

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https://otop.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Biuletyn20_2019.pdf

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